Reforming the Criminal Justice System for Mental Health Disorders: A Comparative Study of International Best Practices

Abstract

The intersection of mental health disorders and criminal justice systems presents a complex challenge that requires comprehensive reform strategies. This comparative study examines international best practices for managing mental health disorders within criminal justice frameworks, with particular emphasis on the Indian context. Through systematic analysis of policy frameworks, intervention models, and outcome metrics from developed nations including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada, this research identifies key reform areas for India's criminal justice system. The study reveals significant gaps in India's current approach, including inadequate mental health screening, limited diversion programs, and insufficient community-based alternatives. Key findings suggest that implementing specialized mental health courts, expanding crisis intervention training for law enforcement, and establishing comprehensive community treatment programs could substantially improve outcomes for individuals with mental health disorders in the Indian criminal justice system. The research proposes a multi-tiered reform framework incorporating evidence-based practices adapted to India's socio-economic and cultural context.